In the Language and Culture Links section of this blog I used to link to a Cree Family Unit site that I stumbled across years ago. Unfortunately it is no longer available, and the site domain which is saskschools.ca has been taken over by some spam site. (I’m keeping the next paragraph just in case the resource ever pops up again, but I’ll cross it out for now. Just carry on to the rest of the discussion, it’s still cool:)
There are two ways to navigate this site. If you click on “Resource” you get the full unadorned document. Otherwise you can go through it a bit at a time as it is broken down into Lessons. The nice thing about the Lessons is that there is often audio content that you can download in order to hear the words pronounced. There is also a ‘test’ at the end. Just skip to Lesson Two and Lesson Three if you want to hear the kinship terms spoken right away and don’t need the linguistic breakdown.
I’m bringing this resource up because I wanted to talk about kinship terms in Cree. I like peeking at my stats, to see how people find this blog, and I get to see search engine terms. (By the way, to say “I love you” in Cree, it’s kisâkihitin – gi-SAH-gih-tin. A lot of would-be lovers out there it seems!) A lot of people want to know what to call their relatives in Cree.
If you grew up with Cree-as-ceremony, like I did, then you probably say “kookum” for grandmother. Yup, we say things like, “My kookum”. Well, it makes sense that we’d say it like that. kôhkom means “your grandmother”, so it’s what people would say to you when talking about your grandmother, and would be the word you picked up as meaning “grandmother”. Oh but it’s bad Cree, hey? We’re actually saying “my your grandmother”!
Doesn’t matter really, I still say kookum so that people who aren’t fluent Cree speakers know who I’m talking about. But I also say nôhkom, which is how you say “my grandmother” properly. I say things like, “nôhkom, my kookum used to etc etc”.
It’s confusing when you don’t hear the kinship terms regularly, because in Cree the relationship to you is part of the word itself. My younger sibling, your younger sibling, his younger sibling, their younger sibling…the root word is always the same but the possessive prefixes change depending on who is related to this younger sibling. If you hear the term at all in Cree, you’ll often here “your (relative)” and if that’s all you hear, then of course that’ll be the term you use.
My kids definitely have struggled with this. One will point to herself and say “nitânis” which means “my daughter”. Obviously it makes no sense, but it’s what she hears.
The site I linked to does a good job of showing you how to break down the root terms and then using the personal prefixes, but I figured I’d go over some anyway without getting into the root terms per se.
A big caveat here…what I present on this page differs somewhat from what is presented in the link I’ve provided. That is because these kinship terms can vary somewhat from community to community. I am presenting the terms as I am familiar with them.
Common possessive prefixes and kinship terms
While you might be interested in how to say “their father” and “our-not-including-you aunt”, you probably want to walk before you run. Most often you’re going to be saying “my (relative)” and “your (relative)”. So here are these two possessive prefixes:
ni – (my)
ki – (your)
Both of these prefixes are singular. “Your” in English can mean “you a single person” or “you, many people” so I want it to be clear that I mean “you a single person, that is your thing”.
Alright, here are some common kinship terms, with a bit of a pronunciation guide:
MOTHER
- nikâwiy – my mother (NI-gah-wee)
- kikâwiy – your mother (KI-gah-wee)
FATHER
- nôhtâwiy – my father (NOOH-tah-wee)
- kôhtâwiy – your father (KOOH-tah-wee)
GRANDMOTHER
- nôhkom – my grandmother (NOOH-gom)
- kôhkom – your grandmother (KOOH-gom)
GRANDFATHER
- nimosôm – my grandfather (NI-mo-soom)
- kimosôm – your grandfather (NI-mo-soom)
Now, I’m just going to stop here for a second, because what I’m about to show you is important. You can understand a lot about Cree kinship as it is understood culturally if you pay attention to the kinship terms themselves. At first, if you’re not used to them, the kinship terms can seem awfully complicated, but it all makes cultural sense so you might as well approach it with that in mind.
Remember the word for mother (my mother: nikâwiy and your mother:- my mother: kikâwiy)? The following kinship term looks an awful lot like these ones, check it out:
AUNT (MOTHER’S SISTER or FATHER’S BROTHER’S WIFE)
- nikâwîs – my mother (NI-gah-wees)
- kikâwîs – your mother (KI-gah-wees)
That’s right, instead of a ‘y’ on the end, you’ve got an ‘s’, changing the end sound from ‘wee’ to ‘wees’. I won’t go into diminutives right now, but just be aware that this change follows the pattern of diminutives.
But wait a minute…this kinship term has two meanings? Huh? What are you trying to do, âpihtawikosisân, scare everyone away?
Cultural lesson…I was taught to think of my mother’s sisters as my mothers. Not my birth mothers, but as women who definitely held that maternal role in my life. There was a closer bond to them than there were to my mother’s brothers. If you need to relate it to English, just think of it as ‘the women in your life who are related to you in a way that gives them a maternal role’. Those women are my mother’s sisters and my father’s brother’s wives. My father doesn’t actually have any brothers, but you might be getting the drift.
Let’s try another term:
UNCLE (FATHER’S BROTHER or MOTHER’S SISTER’S HUSBAND)
- nohcâwis – my uncle (NOH-tsah-wis)
- kohcâwis – your uncle (KOH-tsah-wis)
You might be having a harder time seeing the similarity between these terms and the terms for father (my father: nôhtâwiy, your father: kôhtâwiy). However, this is another change that follows the diminutive pattern that changes every ‘t’ in a word to a ‘c’.
By now you should see the pattern. If my father actually had brothers, they would also have a paternal role towards me, while my mother’s brothers do not. Since my mother’s sisters are like mothers to me, it makes sense that their husbands would be like fathers to me. If my father’s brothers are like fathers to me, then of course their wives would be like mother’s to me. When I use these kinship terms I actually think of them in my head as my ‘little mothers’ or ‘little fathers’. Not in a small sense, but just to remind myself of the kinship ties.
So what, opposite sex siblings of my parent’s generation are just chopped liver?
No no, they have their own kinship terms and their own roles.
AUNT (FATHER’S SISTER or MOTHER’S BROTHER’S WIFE or MOTHER-IN-LAW)
- nisikos – my aunt (NI-si-gos)
- kisikos – my aunt (KI-si-gos)
You can see how the translation to ‘my aunt’ sort of fails to really describe the kinship here, right?
My father’s sister is not as close to me in kinship terms as my mother’s sisters are. This is true in real life as well as it is in terms of kinship, but that’s a fluke. It could have been that my dad’s sister and I were closer than anyone else but we’re talking about family ties in cultural theory rather than how they may actually turn out.
There is a distance there then, between the opposite sex sibling of my father, while his same sex siblings would be closer to me. My mother-in-law would have the same degree of distance as my father’s sister.
I do not want to break your brain, but I want to point out that my mother-in-law’s sister would have the same kinship term as she. Just like my mother’s sisters have a similar relationship to me as my mother does, so would my mother-in-law’s sisters have a similar relationship to me as my mother-in-law.
UNCLE (MOTHER’S BROTHER or FATHER’S SISTER’S HUSBAND or FATHER-IN-LAW)
- nisis – my uncle (ni-SIS)
- kisis – your uncle (ki-SIS)
Again, the distance between my mother’s brothers and my father’s sister is about the same in degree. Opposite sex siblings do not fill that maternal or parental role the way same sex siblings do. Their role and relationship to you is different, but not necessarily less important.
I’d like to point out something else here that I have not often seen in practice, at least not among younger generations. In the old days, you would not speak directly to the opposite sex parent of your spouse. That means if you are a man, you would not talk to your mother-in-law, and women were not supposed to speak to their father-in-law. This was a two-way restriction…they weren’t supposed to be talking to you either. It was very much a matter of respect, and is one of those practices that seems to have been lost. Now, I have thought about this a fair amount, and I’m not sure it is a practical thing to ‘bring back’, but who knows?
Brain breakage once more…my father-in-law’s brothers would have the same kinship term as my father-in-law.
Well, let’s continue because I’ve got plenty more to confuse you with! (or if you’re like me, it’s not so much confusing as it is awesome!)
YOUNGER SIBLING (of either gender)
- nisîmis – my younger sibling (NI-see-mis)
- kisîmis – your younger sibling (KI-see-mis)
As you’ll soon see, there are a lot of sibling terms. You can talk about your siblings in terms of their gender, or in terms of their age compared to yours. I, personally, am more used to talking about my siblings according to their age rather than their gender and I don’t really know why that is. I suppose it depends on which terms are used more often in your community.
SIBLING (generic term, either gender)
- nîtisân – my sibling (NEE-ti-sahn)
- kîtisân – your sibling (KEE-ti-sahn)
This term, general as it is, tends to be more useful when used in the plural to refer to all of your siblings if you have a range of older and younger siblings. For that reason, I’m going to give you the plural of these terms:
- nîtisânak – my siblings (nee-TI-sahn-uk)
- kîtisânak – your siblings (kee-TI-sahn-uk)
OLDER SISTER
- nimis – my older sister (ni-MIS)
- kimis – your older sister (ki-MIS)
Pretty self-explanatory, I think.
OLDER BROTHER
- nistês – my older brother (ni-STAYS)
- kistês – your older brother (ki-STAYS)
So now you have four kinship terms with which you can refer to your siblings.
BUT WAIT, THERE’S MORE!
What, you thought the confusion ended with same sex siblings being in maternal or parental roles? Not even!
So consider this. If your mother’s sisters are like your moms….and your father’s brothers are like your fathers…well, then what are their children to you?
Oh, don’t give me that blank look! Break it down. My mother’s sisters are like my mothers. So their children are like my mother’s children…my siblings. My father’s brothers are like my fathers. So their children are like my father’s children…my siblings.
PARALLEL COUSIN (MOTHER’S SISTER’S CHILD or FATHER’S BROTHER’S CHILD)
A parallel cousin is a child of the same sex sibling of your mother or father.
- nisîmis – my younger cousin (NI-see-mis)
- kisîmis – your younger cousin (KI-see-mis)
- nîtisân – my cousin (NEE-ti-sahn)
- kîtisân – your cousin (KEE-ti-sahn)
- nimis – my older female cousin (ni-MIS)
- kimis – your older female cousin (ki-MIS)
- nistês – my older male cousin (ni-STAYS)
- kistês – your older male cousin (ki-STAYS)
That’s right, the terms are the same as they are for our siblings, because in fact, these cousins are like our siblings. They are the children of our mothers and fathers. They are closer to us than the anglo understanding of ‘cousin’. Though I did not grow up in a super traditional household, this aspect of my upbringing certainly is true. My mother’s sister’s children were as close (and annoying) to me as my own brothers, while there has always been a distance between me and my mother’s brother’s children.
So remember…the term you use to refer to your older brother, nistês, is the same term for your father’s brother’s sons and your mother’s sister’s sons.
So what about those ‘distant’ cousins, how do we refer to them?
CROSS COUSIN (MOTHER’S BROTHER’S CHILD or FATHER’S SISTER’S CHILD)
A cross cousin is the child of the opposite sex sibling of your mother or your father. The kinship term you use is also influenced by whether you yourself are male, or female.
If you are male:
- nîstâw or nîscâs – my older same sex cross cousin (nees-TAHW) (nees-TSAHS)
- kîstâw or kîscâs – your older same sex cross cousin (kees-TAHW) (kees-TSAHS)
These are not totally different words. I am more used to the latter, but it is a diminutive of the former and which one you use will depend on your community. So as a male, you are talking about the son of your mother’s brother, or the son of your father’s sister. The idea to try to focus on is that this cousin is the same sex as you but is no like your brother, but rather somewhat more removed and thus your cousin.
This is also the term you would use to refer to your brother-in-law, who is the same level of closeness as your male cross cousin. Again, just to point out how I understand the terms and not necessarily the way everyone else does, for me kîstâw is the term I would use for your brother-in-law while kîscâs is what I’d use for your same sex cross cousin.
- nîtim – my older opposite sex cross cousin (NEE-tim)
- kîtim – your older opposite sex cross cousin (KEE-tim)
For you males, this is the daughter of your mother’s brother or the daughter of your father’s sister.
If you are female:
- nicâhkos – my older same sex cross cousin (NI-tsah-kos)
- kicâhkos – your older same sex cross cousin (KI-tsah-kos)
Yes ladies, this is also how you would refer to your sister-in-law.
- nîtim – my older opposite sex cross cousin (NEE-tim)
- kîtim – your older opposite sex cross cousin (KEE-tim)
Lovely term here, because it’s the same as the one males use for their opposite sex cross cousin, whew!
So you have special terms for your cross cousins that are the same sex as you, and necessarily males will have a different male term than females. However, if your cross cousins are the opposite sex then whether you are male or female, you use the same term.
Whether you are male or female:
- nîcimos – my younger cross cousin (NEE-tsi-mos)
This is a diminutive of the term nîtim. You cannot tell the gender of the younger cross cousin in question just from the term. Also note that this term is slang for ‘lover’ or ‘sweetheart’ and is what I call my partner with no connotations of us having a blood relation.
I am only going to introduce two more important kinship terms before I try to wrap it up with a visual.
DAUGHTER
- nitânis – my daughter (NI-dahn-is)
- kitânis – your daughter (KI-dahn-is)
SON
- nikosis – my son (NI-go-sis)
- kikosis – your son (KI-go-sis)
Remember those cousins that are actually like your siblings? Like my mother’s sister’s daughter who is like my sister. Well, her kids are also like my sons and daughters, as mine are to hers. I use the same kinship terms towards her kids as I do my own.
I recognise that all of this can be hard to wrap your head around if it is unfamiliar to you. When I finally learned these kinship terms, for me it was a glorious epiphany! You see, while I was surrounded mostly by English as I grew up, there were certain turns of phrase or ‘things we did’ that did not fit into English paradigms. I sort of thought we were just weird that way and did not value it as a cultural difference until I saw the proof in the language. These terms were immediately intuitive to me, because I’d already been living them. If you don’t have that experience then it’s going to be odd at first.
So I want you to try to think of it on generational terms, if you can. To help, I drew a nice little diagram!
I didn’t include all the various terms we’ve discussed here because there just isn’t room. You have the basics now though, and should be able to figure other things out. Like…if my daughter’s children are my grandchildren, then what are the children of my mother’s sister’s children? Why…my grandchildren, of course. After all, their daughters and sons are my daughters and sons kinship-wise.
What would my daughter call the other girls in our family that I also call daughters?
What do you think I would call my grandmother’s sister? My grandfather’s brother?
I don’t know about you, but I am tuckered out. Time to go pick up nitânisak. Maybe next time I’ll show you what terms you use when you’re actually addressing yourself to your relatives (hah, were you thinking you had things mostly figured out already?).
107 Comments
Arden Ogg · October 24, 2011 at 4:47 pm
My favourite Cree kinship term is nicâpân, which means both ‘my great grandparent’ *and* ‘my great grandchild’, and is the term that each of them calls the other. I don’t think it’s used everywhere (I know it from the Muskeg Lake area, north of Saskatoon), but it adds a great new twist to your kinship chart when both the top *and* the bottom layer use the same term! 😉
âpihtawikosisân · October 24, 2011 at 5:29 pm
We use the term too, though it’s often been shortened to câpân as in “my câpân”, much in the way we say kookum, and the proper usage is as you’ve used it. In my mind it always created a special relationship between those two generations.
Bill · November 13, 2015 at 11:43 am
yes still used in the west side of James Bay by us Omushkegowuk…..
Anonymous · October 6, 2023 at 9:35 am
I think that there is the same practice in hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ (the language spoken on the west coast (down river, Fraser River–including Vancouver) . . the same word is used for great grandparents and great grandchildren
Jenna · July 9, 2012 at 3:20 pm
LOVE LOVE LOVVVVEE this blog!!
Fawn · January 27, 2013 at 5:37 pm
Thank-you
Bobbi · April 15, 2013 at 12:39 pm
how would you say my sisters son? My cousins son/daughter? Doing kinship terms for an assignment pretty tough!
âpihtawikosisân · April 15, 2013 at 1:14 pm
It depends. Are you male, or female?
A female calls her sister’s son, son. nikosis
A male would call his brother’s son this too.
A male calls his sister’s son, nephew. nitihkwatim
A female would call her brother’s son this too.
For females: your parallel cousins are considered brothers/sisters to you. A parallel cousin is the child of either your mother’s sister, or your father’s brother. You call them nimis (older sister/female cousin), nistês (older brother/male cousin) or nisîmis (younger sibling/cousin of either gender). Their children are like YOUR children, you call them your sons and daughters too.
For females: your cross cousins are the children of your mother’s brother or your father’s sister and are not the same as siblings. You call them nicâhkos (older female cousin) or nîtim (older male cousin). Male or female cousins that are younger than you are called nîcimos, which can also be used to mean ‘my lover’! Their children are not considered your sons and daughters too, they are your second cousins.
The kinship term for those second cousins (children of your cross-cousin) is basically the same as for your cross-cousin.
Hope that helps!
Mary · May 25, 2013 at 8:59 am
Hi, how would you say my family in Cree? My daughter is looking for the correct word and the correct spelling too 🙂 Thank you 🙂
Dolores Sand · October 31, 2013 at 1:14 pm
tanisi, tapwe nimiyweyihten ohi kimasinahikewina. You are very aware of our Cree language and culture. hay hay
âpihtawikosisân · October 31, 2013 at 3:32 pm
kinanaskomitin for your wonderful music in Cree:)
Dolores Sand · October 31, 2013 at 3:43 pm
tanite e-ki-pehtaman? We are having our First Nations Language Keepers Conference on November 27 & 28 in Saskatoon. If you are interested, I can email information to you.
haw, ekosi pitama
âpihtawikosisân · October 31, 2013 at 7:14 pm
http://creeliteracy.org/2011/05/07/rock-around-the-clock/ 🙂
ninohte-itohtan misaskwatominihk maka namoya nitayan peyak newopehikan:) I’ll have to make due with hearing about it second hand!
Bill Louttit · October 24, 2014 at 1:26 pm
tapway ki kushkihon, kushkitan nesta neena a innineemoyan:)
Rena Wilde · December 5, 2013 at 6:33 pm
Awesome site,i’m a student in college n learning how to spell words n i’m fluent in speaking cree
Frankie · November 22, 2015 at 4:02 pm
Tansi Rena lol
Noel · January 23, 2014 at 12:40 am
Excellent site bit got kinda lost. what is 2nd cousin on Mothers side, being mothers, uncles son?
âpihtawikosisân · January 23, 2014 at 1:48 pm
It’s easy to get lost at first 🙂 It really depends on the generation the relation is in, and whether they are the same gender or opposite gender. So in this case, there are two possibilities. Your mother’s uncle could be your grandmother’s brother, or your grandfather’s brother.
If your mother’s uncle is your grandmother’s brother, then there is a distance in the relationship. Your mother would call him nisis (my uncle). Your mother would call the son of her uncle nîtim (my male cousin). If you are a male, this relative would be called nîscas, which is kind of equivalent to second cousin but might be better thought of as being like your uncle. If you are a woman, you would call this relative nîcimos or nîtim (these terms vary from community to community). This person also might be thought of as like an uncle, because they are in your mother’s generation.
If your mother’s uncle is your grandfather’s brother, then to your mother, this person is more like a father. She would call him nôhcâwîs. She would call the son of this person nistês (older brother) or nisîmis (younger sibling). So if that person is your mother’s sibling, then it makes sense that they would not be your second cousin, but rather your uncle (rather than being like a father to you, because this person is opposite gender to your mother). You would call this person nisis (my uncle) just as you would call any of your mother’s brothers.
Tracesofthesoul · March 9, 2014 at 11:10 am
I love this!! I am learning so much but yes, it is confusing 🙂 I have youths who call our helpline and it warms my heart when they talk fondly of their nôhkom 🙂 I hope my grandson talks about his “nana” so lovingly.
Geoff. Wilkinson · June 20, 2014 at 3:35 am
I have recently had a visit from my great nephew who is married to a First Nations Cree from Manitoba. I really enjoyed talking to her and can understand how proud she must be of her ancestry. I am trying to understand the Native American culture after it came up on a Sociology course I am attending.
By Native American, I mean the whole of Norh America, including Canada.
I believe it is important to keep your native culture and language alive, especially in today’s modern world.
I will keep on studying your culture and hope to learn so much more of it.
âpihtawikosisân · June 20, 2014 at 8:03 am
One of the most important things to recognize when embarking on this kind of study, is just how diverse ‘Native American culture(s)’ are. You could spend a lifetime just becoming well-versed in Cree culture, never mind trying learn more than a few surface details about all the Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Bill Louttit · September 25, 2014 at 9:42 am
firstly I am fluent in Cree; the relationships reminds me of the Earl Skruggs and (I forget the other person) song ‘I’m my own granpa’….
R.P. MacIntyre · March 20, 2021 at 9:13 am
Lester Flatt
Gary Edwards · June 26, 2021 at 5:26 pm
Lester Flatt (..& Earl Skruggs)
Kaisha De Ochoa · October 24, 2014 at 9:37 am
Hello, I am getting a tattoo and I want to spell it in cree. ” I loved you like no other” Thank you
Kaisha De Ochoa · October 24, 2014 at 9:39 am
or “I will love you forever”
Bill · October 24, 2014 at 2:51 pm
ka sakiheetin kakikay…
keith · January 7, 2015 at 11:39 am
How do you spell family in Cree? And is there symbols for it? I would like it for a tattoo.
âpihtawikosisân · January 8, 2015 at 9:19 am
wâhkôhtowin is the concept of kinship, including all the people you are related to, in a wide sense. ᐋᐧᐦᑰᐦᑐᐃᐧᐣ
Ken · April 29, 2015 at 9:44 pm
Would that be the same word for the concept of “all my relations” when considering our connection to all living things?
And how would it be pronounced?
âpihtawikosisân · May 1, 2015 at 8:27 am
“All my relations” is a translation of a Lakota/Dakota/Nakota term mitakuye oyasin (spelling/pronunciation varies across dialects). It is specific to Lakota/Dakota/Nakota worldview, so I think it’s important to acknowledge that specificity in much the same way it is important to note that other translated terms like “Turtle Island” come from specific Indigenous traditions as well.
That being said, the concept of relationships with non-human beings does exist in many Indigenous traditions. Often this concept gets translated as niwâhkômâkanak (my relations) in Cree. (ni-wah-goo-MAH-gu-nuk) I think though that this is probably more of a after-the-fact translation. It does mean kinship, but I’m not sure it was meant to include all living things. There are other kinship terms in Cree, kinship by treaty, kinship specifically by blood, etc. So precisely how, in the Cree worldview, humans are interrelated with other beings is not necessarily going to be captured by the term niwâhkômâkanak.
The point I’m getting at is, niwâhkômâkanak is a good place to start, but if we really want to reclaim a worldview, we cannot just use what we think we know about Lakota/Dakota/Nakota worldview via an English translation, and apply it to a Cree context.
Morgan V · May 10, 2017 at 11:03 am
Hi! I was recently asked this same question and I referred the person who asked me to your blog. I tried to echo this idea, some things are not the same. When I saw CBC’s article announcing your new book, I immediately thought, heyy that’s my fav blog author… anyway, just finished a MA in justice according to Elders on unceded coast salish territory (Vancouver). Hai hai.
Heather Davis · February 20, 2015 at 7:39 pm
Hello…I’m appraising a wonderful brooch and on the back the inscription reads: peyasewuk kitowuk. The lady thinks it is Cree, but if so, what is the translation? Many thanks for any assistance anyone can provide : )
âpihtawikosisân · February 23, 2015 at 9:03 am
“It thunders”, the sound of the thunderbird.
Heather · February 23, 2015 at 12:57 pm
Oh that’s wonderful. Thanks very much and I know my client will be very happy. I appreciate your help!
Deborah Gadzikowski · September 21, 2015 at 11:23 pm
Okay, awesome! and fortunately I had already seen a wiki page on “Iroquois kinship” so the parallel cousin and cross cousin stuff wasn’t so confusing… plus I think that was covered in the cultural anthropology class I failed in the ’80’s.
I’m looking for the term for opposite sex-in-law. So a womans husband’s brother and does the older or younger have to do with the age of the woman to the brother-in-law or the age of her husband to the brother-in-law?
Thank you
TessaRae · November 12, 2015 at 12:39 pm
Hai Hai, love this..I’m writing a research paper on Cree Kinship system 🙂
Trudy Moccasin · February 13, 2016 at 3:29 am
Can you spell prairie chicken woman in Cree for me? I have been spelling it as pihēwisco (pi-hey-ew-i-scoo)
And can you translate from English to Cree?
yellow butterfly child,
red sky Buffalo child,
child that sits with a female bear
Is there a relationship term for older/younger daughter?
Is there a relationship term for my children’s dad’s other children how would I explain that relationship in Cree? My children have older and younger siblings from their father.
Thank you
Ps I don’t mean to offend if felt in anyway through my post
Deborah Colling · February 28, 2016 at 2:25 pm
What would be an appropriate term for a non-relative caring for a child? (friend of mother’s, mother died). Auntie?
bob · March 17, 2016 at 1:39 pm
you should make how to say muffin in cree in it
âpihtawikosisân · March 18, 2016 at 8:51 am
Lol, like stud muffin maybe?
Miranda · March 26, 2016 at 2:58 pm
Hi, my sister and I are part Cree and we want to get tattoos showing our relationship, I’m the older sister and she’s the younger sister. I’m wondering if you know the words and also if you know a way to get it translated into Cree syllabics. Thank you!
âpihtawikosisân · March 27, 2016 at 10:35 am
My older sister: nimis ᓂᒥᐢ
My younger younger sister (just means younger sibling, no gender): nisîmis ᓂᓰᒥᐢ
But these are bounded terms, they both mean “my” sister/sib. You’d have to think about exactly what you want the tattoos to say. Would you have one saying you are the older sister? In that case it would be an unbounded word not often used, omisimâw ᐅᒥᓯᒫᐤ which means “the older sister”. osîmimâw ᐅᓰᒥᒫᐤ “the younger sibling”.
Deb · March 29, 2016 at 11:15 am
How would I address my Husband’s younger brother?
does it make a difference if my brother-in -law is older or younger than I am?
Thanks
Bill · March 29, 2016 at 1:31 pm
yes it does make a difference if the brother is younger; the older brother is nishtess (omushkego cree), the younger brother is referred to exactly that, “nisheem”, meaning younger sibling. Nisheem is the same for younger sister.
âpihtawikosisân · March 30, 2016 at 7:26 pm
That is for your own brothers, would you use the same terms for brothers-in-law? I would think it would be nitim.
Deb · March 30, 2016 at 9:05 pm
Thank you. If it’s nitim, does that change endings based on age relationships?
âpihtawikosisân · March 31, 2016 at 7:04 am
nitim is a complex relationship term. It is used for cross cousins as well as opposite sex in-laws. It doesn’t change based on age relationship, no, and your husband’s brother would also call you nitim.
Melissa Nalini Marie · May 16, 2016 at 2:07 pm
This is wonderful, a lot to understand but you’ve done a great job explaining it.
I was just wondering how to spell ‘thank you’ and which language it is, I am talking of ‘kookshum’.
Miigwetch!
Lar Veilleux · June 2, 2016 at 11:25 pm
I would like to know how to express condolences in cree – in a card; for example, “I am sorry for your loss or that you lost someone so special to you.
Meena · November 10, 2016 at 8:30 pm
Is there a term for what a second wife is to a first wife and her children? that is the equivalent to the hindi words “sautan” or “sauteli”?
For example, the second wife is the first wife’s sautan (junior wife).
The second wife is the “sauteli ma” (second mother) to the first wife’s children.
And similarly what the first wife is to the second wife and her children?
Pauline L'Hirondelle · January 28, 2017 at 11:04 pm
Nitâyîm – my fellow or co-wife
arden ashcraft · December 27, 2016 at 9:54 pm
love this page and this comment thread. Thank you
Kim · January 24, 2017 at 5:16 pm
awesome! thank you! ” ay ay”
Vivian Vowel · March 25, 2017 at 12:55 pm
I grew up on a Metis colony. And learned a lot of words but never learned to speak the language. I forget how to say ” my girl or little girl” can you help me out. I think it may be squeesis.
âpihtawikosisân · March 27, 2017 at 11:31 am
Girl is iskwêsis. Vowel, are we related?
nicole · July 26, 2017 at 9:40 am
Really appreciate this resource….thank you for sharing.
Victoria · September 27, 2018 at 11:37 pm
Ah… 26 years of calling my koogum “my koogum” and spelling it just like that… and she never told me I was wrong! She’ll be super impressed when I call her “nôhkom” next weekend.
Thank-you for this! I wish I would have grown up with is beautiful language so that it would flow from my spirit as easy as English or French.
Candice Scott · November 26, 2018 at 2:34 pm
How would you spell indigenous community in cree?
Dolores Sand · November 28, 2018 at 7:12 am
Iyiniw ihtâwin
âpihtawikosisân · November 29, 2018 at 1:03 pm
kinanâskomitin, Dolores!
Dan · December 19, 2018 at 10:44 am
I am newly involved in a relationship with a Native woman from Saskatchewan, and am preparing to meet her father. What would be a traditional greeting for her father? I really like this girl, and want to use it as a sign of respect for her father.
Arielle C Lessard · February 15, 2019 at 11:12 am
Hey there,
You can use the “internet wayback machine” to see the older saved version of the first website mentioned: here’s the link https://web.archive.org/web/20111222133357/http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/creeunit/teacher_resource_1.html
âpihtawikosisân · February 15, 2019 at 1:13 pm
Oh gosh, brilliant, thank you, I didn’t even think to check wayback!!!!
GENEVIEVE FOX · August 10, 2019 at 3:32 am
“SON
nikosis – my son (NI-go-sis)
nikosis – your son (KI-go-sis)”
Second one needs a K?
âpihtawikosisân · August 12, 2019 at 11:33 am
Yes! Fix made, ay-ay!
Tom H · August 20, 2019 at 12:34 pm
Hello, I would like to know how to say “I walk together with my younger brother” in Eastern Cree. I know nisîmis (my younger brother) and nîsohtêwak (they walk together in twos). But that’s as close as I can get. Could someone help me?
Also, are nisîmis and osimisa (or osimimaw) equivalent?
Thank you.
Tamara Stewart · August 30, 2019 at 11:14 pm
I would love to get a translation of “I am my father’s daughter”
Tammy · May 25, 2020 at 12:37 pm
Hi would you be able to translate “Red Moccasins Woman“ & “Flies Above, Holy”?
Please. I hope this site is still active
âpihtawikosisân · May 26, 2020 at 11:47 am
It’s super important to go back to the person who originally gave a Cree name. Trying to work backwards, from an English translation of a Cree name, often results in a wrong name. A good example is mistahimaskwa. His name was translated as Big Bear, and if you were to go from that English name and translate it into Cree, you’d have misimaskwa, a totally different name/meaning.
Jason · August 21, 2020 at 6:20 pm
How do you spell this sentence in Cree “hello beautiful, how was your day?
Ronnie · September 15, 2020 at 9:24 am
going back to the relationship with your cross uncle or aunt, in our community we do not as such not talk to our uncles or aunties but we often have to use ‘interpreters’ to talk to them. We refer to them like royalty. We call them Okimaw and Okimaskew. It is a sign of respect but often used in fun also. Others may poke fun at your ‘discomfort’ around your okimaw or okimaskew say things to them that you allegedly said or whatever. When you have to talk to your ‘royalty’ you have to address him or her as if he is more than one. Example might be ‘tante itoteyek or kiminwayanawaw na. You have to tread lightly and talk around them. If you do not know this etiquette they will forgive you for your ignorance LOL.
âpihtawikosisân · September 18, 2020 at 10:35 am
There are so many of these intricacies, conventions that vary in communities, that are stripped from the language because people just don’t know 🙁
thecuriousmonster · December 7, 2020 at 8:59 pm
This is so helpful! I’m writing a story about two of the people I was close to as a very young child, who sadly are no longer with us so I can’t just call them up and ask them myself. I want to make sure I get the phrasing right. My friend Joseph called his father nimosom (apologies if I’m not applying correct accents, I’m on a French keyboard and don;t know where they are). How could I phrase that respectfully in the third person? Joseph’s (nimosom) was teaching him to be a hunting guide? Joseph told us his (nimosom) was teaching him to be a hunting guide?
I am also writing about a woman who was Cree and Danish, from the very far north, who had face tattoos. I don’t know what they meant, or any of the specifics of her Cree nationality, and I don’t want to present her incorrectly. She was a massive role model to me as a kid, and I want to get her presentation right, so that when Cree people read it, they can see her the way I did.
âpihtawikosisân · December 10, 2020 at 1:49 pm
omôsom = his/her grandfather
thecuriousmonster · December 12, 2020 at 2:10 pm
Perfect. Thank you so much.
Jenna Christine Huppie · October 23, 2022 at 1:35 am
Hiy hiy and i pray you found the help. please tell the people our way as purely as you had the chance to intercept them.
thecuriousmonster · December 7, 2020 at 9:03 pm
I should have added – do you have any recommendations for resources on the subject of Cree face tattoos from the far north..? I’m not sure exactly where she was from, but I’m pretty sure it was somewhere in the NWT. Again, I really appreciate your site so much. It’s a resource I often pass on to other people.
Cindy Tootoosis · January 6, 2021 at 5:00 pm
How would you say “our”? Thank you.
âpihtawikosisân · January 14, 2021 at 12:43 pm
There are two ways to say “our” in Cree, one for niyanân (us, excludes the person being spoken to, so it’s like, us not you), and kiyanaw (us, includes the speaker, so it’s like all of us).
You take your root kinship term, and put it into the blank:
Us (not you): ni____inân
Us (all of us): ki___inaw
So for example:
1s (my son): nikosis
2s (your son): kikosis
3s (his/her son): okosisa
1p (our, not yours son): nikosisinân
2i (our son): kikosisinaw
Arte · May 2, 2021 at 12:36 pm
On my reservation, or typically the Swampy Cree in Far North of Ontario, we don’t typically use detailed titles such as these. Nothing wrong with it, mind you, it’s the usually the older generation that knows the family tree lines. Like there’s different last names that are grouped together or split like inner tribes I guess you can say.
Anyway, off to the point, basically with families we just say ‘ oh that’s your cousin. ‘ not ‘ first, second, or third. ‘ just ‘ cousin. ‘ same thing with aunts, uncles. the only people we say mooshum or kookum to is that of direct blood relative. or in-laws of that direct bloodline. for my kids, they know my kookum/mooshum ( in-laws ) by jaban. it’s interesting! it’s hyper generalized lol.
Sydney Brandt · June 1, 2021 at 10:18 pm
Is there a gender neutral term for sibling of a parent? My sibling is two spirit and we’re trying to find an appropriate term for my daughter to call them.
âpihtawikosisân · June 2, 2021 at 3:55 pm
There are a couple of options. Cree kinship terms are often based on the relationship one has with a relative, so if your sib has a parental-like role towards your daughter, she could call them ninîkihik (my parent). For example, with gendered terms, a woman’s sister is expected to have a closer, more parental role to a child than the child’s father’s sister, so you can see why this term could work.
Another way to do this is to refer to this person as your relative, using the non-gendered term for sibling. So your daughter could refer to your sib as “wîtisâna” (his or her or their [sg] sibling). It does create a layer of distance though “my parent’s sibling” versus “my relative.”
Another fine term is “niwâhkômâkan,” literally “my relative.” I think this one, or the my parent term, are both great options.
Nicole Irving-Hogan · August 30, 2021 at 4:55 pm
Can anyone explain “Chapan” in the family relationship? Who uses it? Is there hierarchy in the usage? Is there gender tense?
âpihtawikosisân · August 31, 2021 at 12:31 pm
chapan, or câpan, is a genderless kinship term, and refers to generational distance between two relations. It is generally used between a great-grandparent and a great-grandchild. câpan is the vocative term, meaning it’s the one you use when speaking directly to your great-grandparent, or to your great-grandchild. It is more common these days to hear this term to refer to great-grandparents, rather than be used for both sides of the relationship, and people will often say “my chapan/câpan.” The proper way to use this term when not speaking directly to the relation, is to use the possessive forms just like with the rest of the kinship terms: nicâpan (my great-grandparent/great-grandchild), kicâpan (your great-grandparent/great-grandchild) and ocâpana (his/her/their singular great-grandparent/great-grandchild) etc.
Sheri-lynn · November 15, 2021 at 6:29 pm
Love this post! I used it to help me double-check my kinship terms on a task I was working on. I do have a question … what do you use when referring to your son-in-law?
âpihtawikosisân · November 16, 2021 at 11:09 am
nitihkwatim: son of the sibling of opposite gender (nephew), or son-in-law
Another term is ninahâhkim: son-in-law
Ella Robinson · January 5, 2022 at 4:01 pm
Hi! I love this blog! I was wondering what the kinship term would be for a little sister?
âpihtawikosisân · January 5, 2022 at 5:29 pm
There aren’t gendered terms for younger siblings. nisîmis is younger brother or sister or non-binary sibling.
Angela · March 28, 2022 at 10:53 am
Is there a way to say all my relations?
âpihtawikosisân · March 30, 2022 at 5:36 pm
kahkiyaw niwâhkômâkanak – all my relatives/relations, literally
Stateside · July 27, 2022 at 4:09 am
Hi, Stateside fan here though I lived fondly in BC once for three years). This is such a profoundly knowledgeable, informative, and delightful site. Thank you for it all. I wish I could find similar sites for any of the Native American language I don’t know, but which are part of my ancestral heritage – Powhatan, Creek Muscogee (Koasati), Choctaw, a few others. Though, curiously, though I’m altogether “white / euro” in my childhood family cultural outlook, I’ve always felt a strong connection with my Native forebears, whose cultures, sadly, were not incorporated into my childhood family / home / circle. Anyway, thanks again so much. I’m learning and enjoying so much from your site.
Angie Morphy · August 1, 2022 at 6:28 am
Hoping you can help. Trying to find meaning to the name Nisticio/ nesticio/ nitistio? Assumed it is a Cree name maybe different dialect. Any help much appreciated. Thank you.
Meg · August 19, 2022 at 11:40 am
Thank you so much for posting this information! I am a high school teacher in Ontario and I was looking for the meaning of the word “nikosis” as I found it in a novel I want to read with my class. The way you describe the meaning and development of these terms is an awesome cultural resource. I hope you won’t mind if I put your website on my class resource page. I learned so much, and I hope my students will too. Mîkwec!
Jenna Christine Huppie · October 23, 2022 at 1:40 am
My dad speaks cree and im his last daughter also my kookuhums last female granchild. I have a son whom my dad calls mootowham what would this mean?
Jenna Christine Huppie · October 23, 2022 at 1:42 am
My father calls his eldest daughters yougest daughter – makkachap . What would this mean?
Jenna Christine Huppie · October 23, 2022 at 1:47 am
Also may i have your interpretation on the cree prayer please and thankyou. Hiyhiy njuah.
CK · December 6, 2022 at 2:33 am
how would I say “my love” or “my lover”? Or even something like “babe”. Essentially names for a significant other (girlfriend)
âpihtawikosisân · December 16, 2022 at 12:24 pm
nîcimos
cv2k · October 4, 2023 at 7:53 pm
Check it out, this is a revamped website that used to be The Gift of Language and Culture, it is now: “Learn Cree” http://learncree.ca/kinship-terms
Melinda · November 1, 2024 at 7:04 pm
My maternal grandfather was from Lac Ste. Anne, Edward Walter Gray 1911-1973. My mom told me he spoke Cree, French and English. She said he used to call her sweetheart in Cree and pronounced it mee-ta-mush. Is this a slang kinship term? I found nitânis (my daughter), nîcimos (sweetheart/lover), and mitêh (heart) so was wondering if it’s a mixture of these words.
âpihtawikosisân · November 7, 2024 at 12:02 pm
sounds like nîcimos – my sweety. In rapid speech it’s going to sound different depending on who is saying it.
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